Philosophy essay Essay

The nature of inquiry is not one that is uncommon to the human race. From the very origin of philosophy, the term for the â€Å"love of wisdom†, individuals have spent countless hours contemplating the most essential and critical matters before them. These individuals have made substantial attempts to explain reasoning behind the functioning of earthly matters, and by virtue of their study, they have come to be known as philosophers. While various philosophers have contributed to significant revelations and theories, the main pre-socratic philosophical movements were of ancient Greek origin and are attributed to the following philosophers: Thales, Anaximander, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Parmenides. Born in Miletus, Thales was discontent with the traditional stories of enchantment known as myths. Aristotle contributed the fact that he saw him as the very first philosopher, which a very common belief in the modern world. His major contributions were his beliefs that the cause and element of all things is water, and that all things are occupied with gods. The impressive matter is that Thales recognized that there is only one particular base for all things and that it was a naturally occurring substance that was very tangible and real. While there is not much information on Thales, it is speculated that he chose water because of its diversity and physical characteristics that allow for it to prevail in liquid, solid, and gaseous forms. As for his second contribution, the Greeks were firm believers of the immortality of the gods and their occupation in the lives of the humans and the natural world. Therefore, it would not be unusual for them to 2 reside in all things present on the earth. Thales very truly was the very first philosopher as he began the search for the answer to why things happen as they do. The Greek nature was not one to simply accept Thales propositions, but rather they focused on refuting it and providing other alternatives. Anaximander provided his own input on the matter with a theoretical proposition. He claims, that a system is in place, in which the Boundless is the infinite source of all, and it is the beginning- there was definitively nothing before it. The key feature of the Boundless is the immortality that it possesses, and further, it â€Å"encompasses all things† and â€Å"steers all things. † This concept of resolute envelopment is seen again in the New Testament, where it is reinforced that God is in all things. The Boundless is neither one thing, nor another, but rather, it maintains its own distinctive persona, and from it came all other things. Anaximander contributed many more developments, but they were all later proved incorrect. However, he does also state that existing things â€Å"make reparation to one another for their injustice according to the ordinance of time. † This suggests that a balance in nature must be properly observed. A hot summer must be counteracted with a cold winter, and so the seasons encroach on the â€Å"rights† as a result of the others and serve them injustice, but reparation is seen at the turn of the seasons. The developments made by Anaximander contradict what was then the Homeric tradition and essentially spurred a cultural crisis as the Greeks were unable to choose between the side of logic or that of myth and legend. A man known as Xenophanes came to the scene of philosophical inquiry when he clearly stated the religious implications of the new ideas of philosophy- a concept strictly avoided by most before him. He begins to critique the very nature of the gods, with the belief that it is shameful to portray them as no better than humans. While Xenophanes was not a disbeliever, he firmly believed in the presence of one god that reigned above all and was very different from 3 mortals in both body and mind. Xenophanes denies association with the gods through inspiration (i. e. muses) and any proposed revelation does not necessarily guarantee truth. He does, however, push us to format out believes by constantly seeking, even though he does not explain how. The belief is that over time, the continuous seeking will give to better opinions that may eventually be very near truth. He does not deny that there is the potential that some truth is known, but  simply that there is no such thing as certainty without definitive proof. He goes into the matter that there is a scale of truth, and unbeknownst to us, there is no way to tell on which side our supposed revelations lay. Xenophanes contributes a new direction for thought. The questioning that he provides, in fact, questions its very own self, which is the basis of epistemology, or the theory of knowledge. Lastly, he provides his belief that only the one god knows the absolute basis and value of the truth, and while we may seek it out, because we are inferior, we cannot know for sure. Known to the Romans as â€Å"Heraclitus the obscure† this philosopher often wrote in complex riddles. One of his famous thoughts is â€Å"All things come into being through opposition, and that all are in flux, like a river. † The major bit that he provides is that reality in itself is a flux. It is possible to step many times into the same river, but it will never exactly be the same as the waters will be different. He postulates that all things are then in flux and are ever-changing, even though they maintain a constant identity over the change. Further, the opposition is necessary to cause events to occur. A lyre will only play music if tension is pushed onto its strings. What makes a river is the force of the water that constantly runs through it, for without this force, there would be no river. It can be said that Heraclitus was an optimist as he believe that the changes in the world are not chaotic, but are structured by an order that is divine in nature, and therefore, it is good and beautiful. He stresses the presence of logos, and his belief 4 that those who are intelligent listen to it, while many who do not and are foolish. The many miss this because they fail to recognize the logos that is present in everyday life. Unlike his predecessors in philosophy, Parmenides was not Ionian, but instead from Elea. He wrote a complicated metaphysical poem in which he decrees that the content was revealed to him by divine powers. In his poem, an argument is provided, but rather than to accept it, it beckons one to judge it instead, which makes it philosophical in nature. His argument is divided between â€Å"the Way of Truth† and â€Å"the Way of Opinion. † Interestingly, he makes the point that you cannot think â€Å"nothing. † When you think, you think of what is, so you cannot think of something that is not, since nothing cannot be something. Parmenides urges people to follow reason, and reason alone. Therefore, he holds the title of the very first rationalist philosopher. Additionally, he believes that all that exists, exists all at once. By existing at once, it evades the concept of being what is not, because that which is not is inconceivable and cannot be thought about. Since the fathering of philosophy by Thales, the developments and inquisitions made by astounding men grew strongly throughout the Pre-Socratic era, and then progressively even more into the more current era. The most significant early men that helped philosophy take its very  roots were Thales, Anaximander, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Parmenides. Collectively, these men brought into question the very essential questions of philosophy that are even still argued and debated furiously over in the modern world. 5 Melchert, Norman. The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print. â€Å"Parmenides. † Web. 13 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Presocratics. † SparkNotes. SparkNotes. Web. 13 Mar. 2012. .

Analysis of Political Theory Essay

There are two political theories that I combined and will implement if I were to be placed as the highest-ranking official of the country. These are the theories of Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. I chose to unite the two theories because both of them, as I was reading through its contents, had the biggest impact on me than all the other theories I researched for. The joined theories would build up my ideal state as a leader of the country so that I may be able to take the people to a better state of life, in my innocent opinion as part of this country’s youth. First, allow me to discuss to you Immanuel Kant’s political philosophy. His approach to politics favored classical republicanism. The doctrine of Rechtsstaat is Kant’s biggest contribution in the philosophy of law and politics. According to this doctrine, the power of the state is limited in order to protect citizens from the arbitrary exercise of power. In a Rechtsstaat, the citizens share legally based civil liberties. It is a constitutional state in which the exercise of governmental power is constrained by law. It is often tied with the Anglo-American rule of law. Now, what is the rule of law? It is a legal maxim that suggests that governmental decisions be made by applying known legal principles. Aristotle one quoted, â€Å"Law should govern†. It implies that every citizen is subject to the law. It stands in contrast to the idea that a ruler is above the law, for example by divine right. Going back to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy, he also supported the separation of powers of the executive, legislative and judicative branches of government. The executive and the judicative are bound by law, while the legislative is bound by constitutional principles. Rechtsstaat also requires transparency  of state acts and the requirement of providing a reason for all state acts. The doctrine also demands for a hierarchy of laws and the requirement of clarity and definiteness. Now, the world has indeed seen the applications and implementations of the Rechtsstaat through Russia’s legal system. The  Russian legal system, born out of transformations in the 19th century under the reforms of Emperor  Alexander II, is based primarily upon the German legal tradition. It was from here that Russia borrowed a doctrine of  Rechtsstaat, which literally translates as  legal state. The concept of â€Å"legal state† is a fundamental (but undefined) principle that appears in the very first dispositive provision of Russia’s  post-Communist constitution: â€Å"The Russian Federation – Russia – constitutes a democratic federative legal state with a republican form of governance. † Similarly, the very first dispositive provision of Ukraine’s Constitution declares: â€Å"Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state. † The effort to give meaning to the expression â€Å"legal state† is anything but theoretical. Valery Zorkin, President of the Constitutional Court of Russia, wrote in 2003: Becoming a legal state has long been our ultimate goal, and we have certainly made serious progress in this direction over the past several years. However, no one can say now that we have reached this destination. Such a legal state simply cannot exist without a lawful and just society. Here, as in no other sphere of our life, the state reflects the level of maturity reached by society. Rechtsstaat has also approached Russia’s constitutional economics. The Russian concept of legal state adopted many elements of  constitutional economics. One of the founders of constitutional economics, James M. Buchanan, the 1986 recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science, argues that, in the framework of constitutional government, any governmental intervention and regulation has been based on three assumptions. First, every failure of the  market economy to function smoothly and perfectly can be corrected by governmental intervention. Second, those holding political office and manning the bureaucracies are altruistic upholders of the  public interest, unconcerned with their own personal economic well-being. And, third, changing the responsibilities of government towards more intervention and control will not profoundly and perversely affect the social and economic order. Some Russian researchers are supporting an idea that, in the 21st century, the concept of the legal state has become not only a legal but also an economic concept – at least for Russia and many other transitional and developing countries. Let us now move on to Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political theory. His most important work is The Social Contract, which outlines the basis for a legitimate political order within a framework of classical republican. The treatise begins with the dramatic opening lines, â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves the masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they. † Rousseau claimed that the state of nature was a primitive condition without law or morality, which human beings left for the benefits and necessity of cooperation. As society developed, division of labor and private property required the human race to adopt institutions of law. In the degenerate phase of society, man is prone to be in frequent competition with his fellow men while also becoming increasingly dependent on them. This double pressure threatens both his survival and his freedom. According to Rousseau, by joining together into civil society through the social contract and abandoning their claims of natural right, individuals can both preserve themselves and remain free. This is because submission to the authority of the  general will  of the people as a whole guarantees individuals against being subordinated to the wills of others and also ensures that they obey themselves because they are, collectively, the authors of the law. Although Rousseau argues that  sovereignty  (or the power to make the laws) should be in the hands of the people, he also makes a sharp distinction between the sovereign and the  government. The government is composed of magistrates, charged with implementing and enforcing the general will. The â€Å"sovereign† is the rule of law, ideally decided on by  direct democracy  in an assembly. Under a monarchy, however, the real sovereign is still the law. Rousseau was opposed to the idea that the people should exercise sovereignty via a  representative assembly. France could not meet Rousseau’s criterion of an ideal state because it was too big. Much subsequent controversy about Rousseau’s work has hinged on disagreements concerning his claims that citizens constrained to obey the general will are thereby rendered free: The notion of the general will is wholly central to Rousseau’s theory of political legitimacy. †¦ It is, however, an unfortunately obscure and controversial notion. Some commentators see it as no more than the dictatorship of the proletariat or the tyranny of the urban poor (such as may perhaps be seen in the French Revolution). Such was not Rousseau’s meaning. This is clear from the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Discourse on Political Economy†, where Rousseau emphasizes that the general will exists to protect individuals against the mass, not to require them to be sacrificed to it. He is, of course, sharply aware that men have selfish and sectional interests which will lead them to try to oppress others. It is for this reason that loyalty to the good of all alike must be a supreme (although not exclusive) commitment by everyone, not only if a truly general will is to be heeded but also if it is to be formulated successfully in the first place†. French revolutionaries read the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This would suggest that his philosophy was one of the proponents that sparked the French Revolution among the commoners. In brief, Rousseau believed in the natural goodness of man; that humans were corrupted by the greed and competition of civilization. He believed in a social utopia, of humans returning to natural harmony, being made free of vices and sharing a natural equality and a general will. These ideas appealed to many people, including some of the people instrumental in the events leading to the French Revolution, such as the oath at the Tennis Court. In a country where a wealthy minority indulged themselves while hundreds of thousands suffered from severe poverty and inflation, people yearned for a basic equality, natural or government ordained. Many felt that if the general will (or the will of the people) was for change, that the current government was expected to make compromises. The First Estate of the French government was against these changes, the Second Estate was to some extent and later cast its lot in with the Third Estate. Later the idea of a utopian government changed to ‘the will of the people’ (although how successful this was carried out can be debated, in both France and the U. S. ) Maximillien Robespierre, who played an important part in the middle to later events in the Revolution and was one of the architects of the Terror, was deeply influenced in his youth by Rousseau’s writings. My report would end at this, since only this stuff is what is asked of us. But if you would ask me, I wouldn’t agree to all things mentioned by the two philosophers. I, of course, would make a few reforms here and there. For example, the abandonment of our natural rights as said in The Social Contract. In the contemporary world, one would want to forget about their natural right for general will. Sure, the idea of general will sounds very convenient, but if you think about it, it’s not worth giving up your natural rights for.

Scientist max planck Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Scientist max planck - Research Paper Example heoretical research, Planck revealed a quite extraordinary breakthrough: ‘the law of radiation of bodies as a function of temperature could not be derived solely from the Laws of Maxwellian electrodynamics’ (Einstein 1995, 106). To reach findings in agreement with the related trials, a particular frequency’s radiation had to be dealt with as if it is composed of photons of the ‘individual energy hf’(Weast 1973, 44) in which h is the universal constant of Planck. This breakthrough became the foundation of all experiments and studies in physics in the twentieth century and has almost completely directed its progress from then on. Without this breakthrough it would have been impossible to formulate a feasible theory of energy and atomic and molecular dynamics that direct their transformations (Jammer 2000). Furthermore, it has ruined the entire structure of orthodox mechanics and electrodynamics and creates a new mission for science that is, looking for a new theoretical foundation for the whole of physics. In spite of substantial incomplete achievements, the question remains far from an agreeable answer (Einstein 1995). However, it is still impossible to dispute the fact that the quanta of Max Planck revolutionized twentieth century physics. The efforts of Max Planck in thermodynamics resulted in the development of the quantum theory. To give explanation of the shades of hot lustrous matter, Planck suggested that energy is emitted in incredibly miniscule and isolated quantized quantities or packs, rather than in an endless and steady wave (Weir 2009). He coined the term ‘quanta’ to refer to these packs of energy and he was successful in establishing that each quantum’s energy is equivalent to the radiation’s frequency multiplied by h (Hoffman 2008). This figure, shown in the form of erg-seconds, quantifies each quantum’s energy (Weast 1973). An erg ‘is the amount of energy needed to raise a milligram of mass by a distance of 1 centimeter’

Follow PDF insturtion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Follow PDF insturtion - Essay Example Genetic adaptations to the local conditions differentiate these species. Ecosystem Diversity This speaks about the variety of habitats in a region. Example is San Francisco Bay-Delta ecosystem constituted of wetlands, estuaries, grasslands, fresh and salt water, rivers". Methods to Measure Biodiversity and Relative Strengths and Weaknesses Ecologists measure diversity in three different scales. Alpha diversity is measured by counting the number of species within the ecosystem. Beta diversity measures diversity between two ecosystems – comparing species that are unique for each ecosystem. Gamma diversity measures overall diversity for several ecosystems within a specific region. Various methods have been created to measure biodiversity empirically. Whittaker (1972) specified three metrics to measure biodiversity that encompasses species richness. Species Richness It is simply a count of species; however, it does not take into account its abundance and their relative distributio ns. Against this, species diversity will count on species richness and its evenness. Simpson Index This is a good statistical method used quantify the biodiversity of a specie. It measures number of species and abundance of each species. It also measures total numbers in each species. Species diversity is derived from the mathematical formulae that give highest values to ecosystems. It requires huge number of workers, skill and resources. Shannon-Wiener Index This method quantifies the uncertainty associated with the prediction. The index gives how the species is distributed in an ecosystem. This is the most widely used index as far as community ecology is concerned. The average uncertainty goes up as the number of species increases and the distribution becomes even. Answer 2. Insects have their body structure made of head, thorax and abdomen. The head part consists of eyes, that could be simple or compound, and antennae to provide smell sense. The thorax is made of fused segments w ith a pair of legs. The two other fused segments have a pair of wings with variations as per the groups. The abdomen part contains digestion, production and excretion organs. The primary adaptation to life on land was possible through the development of internal tubes for breathing. The internal tubes are connected to the trachea delivering air to the tissues. The tubes get open to the outer area through spiracles to allow air to enter through the trachea and tracheoles. The ends of tracheoles penetrate cells to provide oxygen and eschew carbon dioxide. Each of the three thoracic parts in all insects consists of a pair of legs and the hind legs possess a pair of wings. That is how six legs and four wings are found in most of the insects. Paleoptera is defined as most primitive winged insects. That means all paleopterans will have a specific physical characteristics or wings as a common feature. This does not mean that it includes all winged insects; it just includes primitive ones. Paleoptera and Neoptera differ to each other in their wing articulation. The subclass Pterygota has two further divisions called the Exopterygota and the Endopterygota. Exopterygota insects have life cycles that pass through three stages – egg, nymph and adult. A larger number of insects such as Roaches and Mantids; Dragonflies and Damselflies; Crickets, Grasshoppers and Locusts; True Bugs are part of Exopterygota division. In contrast, Endopterygota have life cycles

The Importance of Telecommunication in Today's Business Environment Research Paper

The Importance of Telecommunication in Today's Business Environment - Research Paper Example In this context, the advancement of different communication tools and internet has facilitated businesses in performing their business activities succinctly in the worldwide markets segments (Ndukwe, 2003). In this respect, the research paper is based on the study of the importance of telecommunication in the present business environment. The proposed research study is conducted with the aim of determining the importance of telecommunication for the development of business sector. Currently, the development of ICT infrastructure on a global context has been witnessed to expand at a breakneck pace. In this context, the rapid progress in the field of ICT has increased the implication of ICT for both business and people to a large extent. The expansion of ICT has also diversified the variety of applications as well as services in the area of communication, entertainment and information. Subsequently, the development of the aforementioned aspects of ICT has motivated in conducting the proposed research with the intention of ascertaining the implications of ICT for the present business environment (ITU, 2013). The contemporary business environment has intensified with competition owing to different factors that include globalization and advancement in technology. In this regard, businesses are required to conduct their operation with better competitiveness in the segments of products and services for better sustainable business performances. The rapid changes in the field of technology have been accountable for the development of telecommunication services to produces contemporary products and services at a reasonable price in accordance with the preferences of global customers. Contextually, the development of the telecommunication industry is important for the enhanced economic performance of an economy and development of business sector in worldwide market segments

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Business Plan - Essay Example Modern concept of marketing is different from the traditional concept. According to modern view, marketing consists of sensing, stimulating, servicing and satisfying the needs and wants of present and potential customers in more effective and efficient manner than its competitors. The modern concept of marketing holds that the key task of organization is to determine the needs wants and values of the customers and to adopt the organization to delivering the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than its competitors. There are two key elements in this concept. (b) Integrating the marking planning and control with those of other departments (like manufacturing, finance purchase, inventory control, personnel research and development) keeping in view the ultimate goal of customers’ satisfaction. It may be noted that the customers expect satisfaction not only in terms of genuine and wholesome products and services but also several other considerations such as prompt and regular supply of production/services reasonable price, availability of efficient after sales service and so on. â€Å"Marketing management is the analysis, planning, implementation and control of programmes designed to create, build maintain mutually beneficial exchanges and relationship with target markets for the purpose of achieving organizational goals.† 3M Company Learning System is a new generation of microcomputer-aided education device that uses an innovative dot matrix coding technology to combine traditional paper book with microprocessor technology for electronic publishing. The system consists of textbooks printed with dot matrix codes as light background and/or as small icons inserted between texts, an electronic pen with optical sensor, a hand-held device with microprocessor, and a flash memory card stored with digital audio contents of paper textbooks. The dot matrix coding system and the speech processing and comparison was first-time innovation that

Religious Freedom in Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 139

Religious Freedom in Europe - Essay Example The European law on freedom of religion or belief is guided by the inter-relatedness, interdependence, universality and indivisibility of all human rights whether social, political, civil or cultural rights. Freedom of religion is a fundamental human right that contributes to rule of law, democracy and peace. Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides that everyone has a right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion while Article 2 of Protocol No 1 to the convention grants parents the right to ensure the education of their children conforms to their own religious beliefs. Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) grants individuals the freedom of religion and thought including the freedom to adopt or leave a certain religion without any coercion. The freedom of religion is only subject to limitations that are prescribed in law for the purposes of ensuring public safety, order, morals and health or the protection of the fu ndamental rights of others. Article 26 of ICCPR requires non-discrimination on the basis of religion. Article 10 of European Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedom is aligned with the Convention and grants the parents the right to ensure the education of their children conforms to their own philosophical, pedagogical and religious convictions in accordance with the national laws that govern those freedoms. The Convention outlines that freedom of religion cannot be limited to the ‘main’ religions since all religious movements are granted equal protection according to the law. The issue of new religious groups that are sometimes referred as ‘sects’ arose in the case of Federation chretienne des temoins de Jehovah de France v. France, no. 53430/99, ECHR 2001- XI where the court noted that French legislation aimed at strengthening preventive and punitive  measures against sectarian movements thus infringing the fundamental human freedoms.   

Team SuccessTeam Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team SuccessTeam Building - Essay Example The Colts's leadership has stressed that the players are role models for youth and for the community. They participate in events to benefit children such as 'Coats for Kids' and toy drives during the holidays ("Coats" 2007). This aspect of leadership brings the team together in a common bond that transcends being simply teammates. Along with the players' role as leaders, Coach Tony Dungy uniquely makes his demands on the field. He does not scream, swear, or throw things to show his disappointment. He is quietly demanding and his demand is for excellence. These two aspects of the team are seen on the field in what Weaver (2004) calls, "...loyalty, charity and diligence". The team's strong Christian ethics have also contributed to their winning. They are humble in their success. This is illustrated in their holding back on premature celebrations, taunting, or personal fouls. The pragmatic result is fewer penalties. Along with this character comes the trait of humility. This may be the Colt's biggest intangible asset. When they win, they win as a team. And when they lose, they all lose. Peyton Manning has never taken the credit for a win. When they lose, he takes his blame and responsibility for it. All the players share in this attitude. There are no stars, only a team. This makes winning not only the most important thing, but also the only thing. The

The Lasting Social and Political impact of the 1950's Essay

The Lasting Social and Political impact of the 1950's - Essay Example The full effect of the national mobilization, in both countries, was a unique and monumental undertaking that served to provide the technical knowledge that led the staggering innovations of the subsequent generation. Proving that the benefits ran far beyond the military application, this study will confirm that argument that the 1950’s, in specific, marked a turning point in military ingenuity and upper tier scientific exploration. Directly accompanying this rise in technology was the fundamental fact that better education was needed to further any significant works. Birthed of the militaries need for expertise in new and still developing fields of research this study presents arguments that define the effect that need had on the education system of an entire nation. With new demands and ever increasing competition from the Soviet Union, the American education system underwent a substantial upgrade. Such an accomplishment, while made for sake of the brief military need, still serves to provide educated students for a still warring world. Alongside the Military buildup of the 1950’s, the Space Race helped to define a nations pride and determination. In direct competition with the U.S.S.R., American Space technology was thrust into the mainstream of society. Unknown and unremarkable scientists became national heroes and figures of consequence nearly overnight. By proving that the need for the American culture to feel triumphant helped to fuel the drive to space, this research will link the importance of the Space race to the cultural development in the decade of 1950 – 1960 and well beyond. By providing a point of national pride with which an entire population could not only rally around but hold up as role models and heroes, the Space Race provided an outlet for the pent up frustrations that were left simmering from the Second World War. Facing our once ally in a political and exploratory arena served to drive ingenuity and innovation to a never before level, that alone would have been a monumental achievement. Standing alongside the major accomplishments that took place in that decade, the research will show the profound influence that these footholds attained gave to following research. Much like the rest of the culture, competition combined with a sense of potential conflict, will serve to drive an already driven person to every greater height. On the other end of the cultural spectrum, the Space Race and the Arms race respectively are directly responsible for several still extant social movements across the globe. An entire philosophy was spawned by the detonation of the first nuclear bomb. The mere sight of the blue marble of Earth from space helped to cause the environmental movement; this was their first adopted symbol. The technology to see and the knowledge to learn that harm or potential harm would happen was direct result of military and space exploration innovation. This link will serve to show the fundame ntal and utterly connected nature that the movements of a society and their military are. The intertwining nature of a culture encompasses every facet and excludes none. During the 1950’s, there was such momentous tidal wave of change that the facts will make it nearly impossible to argue

Answer the questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer the questions - Case Study Example Furthermore, it is out of his determination that he started the Element Bar, as an alternative producer of all-natural and organic bars. Third, Miller is a risk taker. As a strength, this ability grants him the opportunity to position himself in line with new business ideas in a highly competitive market and goes ahead to invest in them, with the hope of obtaining a substantial market growth. The strength of Element Bars lies in the differentiation of products done in the production of all-natural organic energy bars, as opposed to the competitor firms such as Bear Naked Granola, You Bar, and Humm Foods. On the other hand, Miller portrays weakness points in relation to his negotiation skills. He is a poor negotiator, as evidenced in his inability to convince the bank and other sources of financing to loan him capital to expand on the business. Subsequently, he panics when faced with the interviews with the Shark Tank investors, and spends a lot of time preparing, with mock interviews being organized by his family. Element Bars is also weakened by not having a strong capital base; hence, not viable for loan options from a bank or other financial institutions to enable it expand its business capacity. Additionally, has not been in the market for a long time, and lacks the capability to withstand the competitive pressure that comes from established firms within the industry (Gasparski, Ryan & Kwiatkowski, 2010). Element Bars has a great potential in the market of all-natural organic bars given that nearly all its competitor firms are not entirely differentiated into this form of bars. Furthermore, the firm has a potential market in diabetic and healthy conscious consumers who would always choose their products over those from other companies. The company has a huge potential of expanding in growth should it obtain the right amount of capital investment into increased production of the

The communicative art of language a learning Essay Example for Free

The communicative art of language a learning Essay The existence of the diversity of Language made the communication ideas between people difficult enough because of language differences. It also affects the interaction of the teachers with their students who lacks the necessary need of the knowledge about the second language development. With these, a concept is made to introduce the process of acquiring language that involves the 5 major stages of language learning. The use of Language is a special human ability and the more advance use of it means to have added control to deal with the world where communication is the major outlet of understanding. Both in the lives of the children and the adults, there is a certain call to transmit the ideas and information they know and this is where the necessity to put all these into words and gestures comes in. One difficulty with language study is that, particularly, the learner has a language barrier that is uprooted from what is taught to them from the start. This scene occurs especially inside a classroom where a group of students could not process out what their instructor is saying due to the limited resources available to support the new language that are being introduced to them. From here, there is a concept developed to divert the second language acquisition to these students (from their teachers) which includes undergoing the five major stages of language learning that could be used as key concepts in applying the second language development in their very own classrooms. The Silent / Receptive or Preproduction Stage First of the five stages is the silent period that requires the skillful listening training. It is more focused on listening because in this early stage, students are not required to speak nor the teachers to force them to respond verbally. Here, gestures and facial expression is much needed by the students to show that they understand what is being said. Although there are some students who acquire enough self – confidence to produce their own generate language, it is best for them to give off some time understanding the new words or ideas to be receptive enough to them for further advance use. This stage usually can last from ten hours to six months, depending on the student’s capability to perceive. This initial stage shows the set-up wherein student starts to familiarize him / her self to the words or instructions offered to them and what it literally means. Though listening and understanding may be simple enough to do at the same time, students may face special conditions that may affect the usual length of time this stage may undergo. First, the environment could not be suitable enough for mere interaction as students may not apprehend the new language or what is being said because of the interference occurring around. He / she may not be comfortable enough to go along with the discussion and so as the lesson being taught to them. Second, the student could be directly affected by the personality of the speaker (which is the teacher) whose voice, gestures and presence are as often as the words being spoken. Thus there, this stage needs not only the adequate training for students but also of the teacher involve. Instructors could easily introduce the new language to the students at this early stage by doing the traditional teaching procedures such as; asking the students with queries that are subjected to be answerable with a yes or a no, initiate whole class activities that pose students to participate freely and willingly etc,. They could also encourage their students by letting them communicate on their own in form of games such as charades (which requires a lot of hand gestures and facial expressions). The Early Production Stage The early production stage enters when students could respond over 1000 active words and use them in everyday conversations. Awareness is needed in this stage because students are asked to speak in phrases or demonstrate what they know and even answering questions even with only one word. Soon students are given their freedom to relate their opinion over things with the kind of speech behavior with repetitive language patterns. Their words should be clear, precise and direct applying to the dialogue and questions asked to them. This second stage of language learning last an additional six months subsequent to the initial stage of training. But in this stage, there are things that may hinder the progress of the said language concept. One of these is that they may lose interest to respond simply because of the errors upon on their pronunciation of words or grammar. When they are corrected for over several times, the students may later learn not to respond anymore and could result into repeating again the first step of the conversation. Another is that the student may find it difficult to respond because of the lack of suitable to answer the questions being asked to them. Because of the demand to use what they have learned, they may be found it hard to alter the appropriate phrase the teacher had provided for them to respond with. The stage is eventually believed to be the first step for the development of speech usage in discussions and conversations and therefore, should be given enough time for the students to be able to understand again and again. Here, the teacher should be experimental in shifting working tactics to make learning a lot easier and fun. The teacher may ask the student certain things only answerable with a yes/ no, or just by giving short answers or in instances, requiring the students of their own opinion by nodding or shaking off their heads. With these, they would feel the security of being in a group that shares in a certain expression of thought.

Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) Essay Example for Free

Ambedkar Open University (BAOU) Essay Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University (BAOU), Ahmedabad was established in 1994 by the Gujarat State Legislature. It is the seventh Open University in the country in terms of their establishment. The University offers 72 programs with an enrolment of more than 1, 00,000 learners. The University has established regional centre on the campus of South Gujarat University, Rajkot and has initiated the process of another establishing regional centre on the campus of North Gujarat University, Patan. It has jurisdiction over the whole state of Gujarat. The main objectives of the university are to advance and disseminate learning and knowledge by a diversity of means, including use of any communication technology and to provide opportunities for higher education to a large segment of the population. The university encourages the Open University and distance education system in the educational pattern of the State. The university is open to all persons irrespective of classes, castes, creed or religion. Education is an important situation all over the world, and is maybe one of the most forgotten topics in the underdeveloped countries. This is the main reason why they don’t contribute to the progress of their own countries. Education is a human right, and as a fundamental right it is the responsibility of governments to provide it. The most important thing is that education influences human development, economic growth and the fundamental requirement for democracy. It is important in a country to invest a big part of the profits in education, because in many countries, governments prefer to invest in weapons without thinking that they should give another direction to the resources from the military where war and win are the most important thing. The government is blind, and they want to see first in the outside than in the inside, when there are more important things to fulfill like basic needs including food, clothing and shelter. Another important reason why it is necessary to invest in education is because children are being prepared to be poor laborers, just as the people years ago. Instead of preparing them for the future, they have been sent to the past with obsolete laws. There is a big necessity for programs that can teach the responsible use of resources, because without the right knowledge these people without education could be wasting a lot of resources and at the same time could be contributing to an unsustainable development. When speaking of development, the role of women is important in these processes, because in the countries  with the highest levels of human development it is declared that they offer equal opportunities and gender equity in their societies. It means that women can reach high positions, and they can do many of the things that were restricted to them a few years ago. When people see

Museum of Fine Arts in Houston | Reflection

Museum of Fine Arts in Houston | Reflection Cultural Response This cultural response essay will discuss my trip to the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston. I will be describing my favorite works of art, compare two pieces of art by Do Ho Suh, and then describe my experience at the museum. The first part of the museum that I visited was the Audrey Jones Beck building on level 1. The exhibit was the Antiquities and American Art 1800-1970. I saw art given by Ima Hogg, Jackson Pollock, Severin Roesen, Louis Comfort Tiffany and Christian Edward Bottcher. I have visited the Hogg Plantation and being able to see the furniture and art that was given by Mrs. Hogg from her home was very interesting. The first piece of art that caught my attention was in section 107 of this level. It was called the Victorian Bouquet by the artist Severin Roesen in circa 1850-1855. Roesen was an American artist but was born in Germany in 1815. The media of the artwork is oil on canvas. The Victorian Bouquet features a wide variety of exquisite flowers and fruit. It revives the 17th century Dutch tradition of still-life portraits and paintings. The painting celebrates wealth, life, and aesthetic and physical comfort. It contains roses, poppies, morning glories, peonies, tulips, forget-me-nots, car nations, lilies, irises, peaches, raspberries, pomegranates, and a glass of wine among other things. Roesen provides a feast for the senses. What I love most about this work is how vivid, realistic, and beautiful he made the flowers and contents of the picture. The bright and rich colors chosen in contrast to the black background really create a beautiful scene. The second artwork that I was impressed with was created by Louis Comfort Tiffany, who created the Tiffany lamps. This piece was in the same building but in section 109. He was an American artist and developed Tiffany Studios in 1900. The name of the piece is A Wooden Landscape in Three Panels created around 1905. The medium is glass, copper-foil, and lead. A Wooden Landscape is far more complex than any stained glass windows I have seen, which are usually put together like a puzzle. Usually they are layered together in multiple pieces with glass, one on top of the other. This is just like a painter layered his paint of a canvas. Tiffany used subtle choices of color in this artwork which changes with the variations of light that it has been exposed to. Like a living landscape, this artwork changes in appearance responding to the light surrounding it. The thing that caught my attention about this artwork was the size. Its overall size is 7.2 x 11 feet. Another thing that I liked about this artwork was that it was stained glass. I love stained glass windows and how Tiffany did this was gorgeous. My dad has collected Tiffany lamps and so when I saw this artwork I recognized the styling and technique quickly. The Third portrait I found was in the same building as the other two but in section 113. The artist who created the work was Christian Edward Bottcher. Bottcher was a German artist who lived from 1818 to 1889. The name of the artwork was Summer Night on the Rhine which was created in 1862. The medium of the work was oil paint on canvas. It contained medieval castles, picturesque towns, friends gathered under a beautiful tree, and a vineyard sloping down the side of a hill. The Rhine valley is an extremely romantic scene which was captured perfectly in this artwork where there is an exciting, charming, and nostalgic get-together. Laughter and happiness spill from the canvas and it makes you want to be a part of the celebration. The moonlight sets the perfect shadowing and colors to reflect the mood of the painting. What I found to be charming about this scene is how all 15 or so men are trying to court the women and are giving them flowers. It is almost like an extremely large match-m aker party. Another fun thing about this picture is where the party is taking place. You can quickly tell that they are all from the upper class because of their dress and the castle that they are beside, but the party is under a big tree with a table underneath. A chandelier is tied to a limb of a tree with rope. This is a very exquisite oil painting and I sat and wondered at its detail for a very long while. In the Caroline Wiess Law building, 2nd floor, gallery 200, I found the works of Do Ho Suh, a Korean artist living in America. The first piece I found was called Fallen Star 1/5 which is 131 x 145 x 120 inches. It was created in 2008-2009 and is made up of ABS (plastic), basswood, beech, ceramic, enamel paint, glass, honeycomb board, lacquer paint, latex paint, LED lights, pinewood, plywood, resin, spruce, styrene, polycarbonate sheets and polyvinyl chloride sheets. The second piece of art created by Suh is called Home within a Home which was created in 2009. The dimensions of this piece are 131 x 145 x300 inches. It was created with resin. Do Ho Suh began using nylon and silk to create full size representations of his childhood home in Korea and his first American Apartment, a historical building in Providence, Rhode Island. The translucent quality of these materials creates the blurred line between the past and present, inside and outside. Fallen Star 1/5 is an autobiographical rep resentation of Suhs journey from Korea to the U.S. The artwork shows us a traditional Korean scholars house that has crashed into the building that housed his first American apartment. Each object in the house has been hand made by Suh. He made the house and its contents as realistic as possible to create the effect of being lived in and something the viewer can relate to. Home within a Home is a continuation of the piece Fallen Star. In the earlier work, the two buildings were very much separate entities but in Home within a Home, the Korean house and the apartment building have become a part of the same entity, growing and forming together as one. Suhs artwork is not trying to convey the idea of a violent collision between cultures, but rather about how they coexist together. He said maybe If you start to move things around, maybe the Korean house loses its identity, sort of blends in with the American style-or the other way around. I would love to build a house like this because it raises very interesting questions. Are you in a Korean house or an American house? Thats a constant question to myself (MFAH description of artwork). Both pieces of art symbolize the destroyed Old Korea coming together with the merging New Korea and America. Both pieces of art are easy to compare because of their connection that was created by the artist. Both represent the story and journey of Do Ho Suh. They both show what home means to him and how he puts importance on his culture. The only big difference between the pieces is the materials used and the fact that Fallen Star they are two different houses, and in Home within a Home they are put together and morphing into one house. My favorite out of the two is Fallen Star 1/5 because of how realistic it was. It took him 2 years to create this masterpiece and it is so amazing. I love how each room is made to look lived in and creates this warm, at home atmosphere. On the outside of the building he uses an old style of architect ure that I love and it was put together very intricately. There was a woman who was giving a tour to a middle school group and she described the artwork to them by comparing it to The Wizard of Oz. She did this because of how the Korean home is crashed into the apartment building. I thought this was humorous and helped the children relate more to the painting, Were not in Kansas anymore! The one thing I found interesting about Home within a Home was the material used, resin. Just gazing at the piece, you could see right through it and could see every detail of the staircases, hallways, windows, and the roof of the Korean house while still being very detailed on the outside. Both pieces by Do Ho Suh were very interesting and thought provoking. I would recommend any of my class mates to go see them both as soon as possible. My experience at the Museum was very enjoyable and I hope to go there again very soon. I drove there with my mom which created a good bonding time and made the experience even better for me. When we first entered Houston I was actually confused about which building the Museum was a part of and we ended up in the parking garage of the Houston Museum of Natural Science, oops! Once we figured out where we actually needed to be, the right museum, we walked into the first room and were warmly greeted by the two women up front. I had a small, fun conversation with them both and they were extremely interested in my assignment and asked me about it and what I planned to do. Once they looked over my assignment sheet they informed me that my entrance into the museum would be free of charge. That was extremely nice of them to put that much importance into learning and reward students that way! As my mom and I wandered aimlessly around the building taking in all there was to see, all of the empl oyees greeted us and smiled. I noticed quickly that all of them were from different countries, mostly Asia and one man was even from Africa. While my mom and I walked around, we get turned around and confused as to where we were and every single employee we asked to help us was extremely kind. I have already recommended many of my friends to go visit this museum. The pieces of art I saw were amazing and I love that an establishment like this is as close to me as Houston. This trip was a great experience but unfortunately I did not have the time to stay and see all of the pieces and so I hope to go again very soon.

How Miller creates Dramatic Tension in Act One of The Crucible Essay

Twentieth Century Drama How does Miller create dramatic tension in Act One of "The Crucible"? "The Crucible", by Arthur Miller, focuses on Theocracy and the effect it can have on a community, as well as on an individual. From Act One, Miller creates dramatic tension in many different ways. These include dramatic irony, and sudden twists in the plot, as well as the range of emotions that Miller's characters express both frequently and eloquently. As the curtain rises, the audience are curious as to why a man who is so clearly distressed is sat over the girl, Betty, who lies motionless and 'inert' on a bed. The audience grows more curious as he calls for God to help him, and the audience are intrigued, wondering what is happening. In a direct contrast to this, the ending of the scene is loud and frantic, leaving nothing to the imagination, with all the girls screeching and accusing. The intense power that the girls? poses is intoxifying, and is illustrated when a character orders: ?Let the marshal bring irons? This shows the control these children have, if they can alter the minds of these men, persuading them to lock up innocents. This also shows the control they have over the whole community. The visual impact of the opening scene is that of a ?clean spareness?, the room only contains the bare minimum needed. This also relates to the Puritan way of life, ?vanities? were frowned upon and rooms were furnished with only what was necessary. The fact that rev. Parris is ?evidently in prayer? has religious references which, as the play goes on, are confirmed. The quote: ?There is a narrow window, through its panes the morning sunlight streams? also indicates that the room is basic ? it would seem that even lig... ...sympathy to those doomed to this fate, after doing nothing wrong, who are merely counters in Abigail?s sinister game to gain attention. When Hail orders for: ?the marshal [to] bring irons? it shows a high form of drama, as the curtain drops leaving the audience to imagine the next scene, innocent women being drawn form their families. In conclusion, I enjoyed this play, and my reaction was enhanced by the dramatic tension Miller creates in so many ways. The unexpected twists and use of dramatic irony help to keep the audience?s attention, while the sub-plot of rivalry adds interest and also reflects the main plot. The abrupt ending of act one, reflects the abrupt ending of the play as a whole, leaving the remainder to the imagination. Ending like these force viewers to envision what would follow, and, once again this all adds to the dramatic tension.

Army Alpha Testing :: essays research papers

The first mental tests designed to be used for mass, group testing were developed by psychologists for the U.S. Army in 1917-1918. The group tests were modeled after intelligence tests designed for individual use in one-on-one assessment. In developing the mental tests, the psychologists subscribed to the position that one could be quite intelligent, but illiterate or not proficient in the English language. Based on this reasoning, two major tests were developed, the Army Alpha for literate groups, and the Army Beta for illiterates, low literates or non-English speaking (Yerkes, 1921). Both tests were based on the theoretical position that intelligence was an inherited trait, and the assumption was made that native intelligence was being assessed. Each test was made- up of a number of subtests (Figure 4), the contents of which differed depending on whether the test was for literates or illiterates, low literates or non- English speakers. Test 1: Following Oral Directions, involves auding and comprehending simple or complex oral language directions and looking at and marking in the appropriate places on the answer sheet. Test 2: Arithmetical Problems, requires both the ability to read and comprehend the stated problem and the knowledge of arithmetic to perform the computations called for. Test3: Practical Judgment, clearly requires reading and comprehending language. Additionally, however, it requires knowledge of culturally, normative expectations to make the "correct" choice. Test 4: Synonyms-Antonyms, requires specific vocabulary knowledge, in addition to the knowledge of "same" and "opposite." Test 5: Disarranged Sentences, requires semantic knowledge about flies as well as grammatical knowledge to rearrange the sentences, and information has to be held in working memory while rearranging the sentences. Test 6: Number Series Completion, emphasizes reasoning with number knowledge in working memory. Test 7: Analogies, clearly emphasizes culturally determined, semantic knowledge retrieval from the long term memory knowledge base, and also information processing in working memory to detect similarities among the different knowledge domains addressed by the analogies. Test 8: Information is heavily loaded with cultural knowledge requirements. Based on a person's total Alpha score he was assigned a letter grade of A (superior intelligence), B. C+, C (average intelligence), C-, D, or D- (inferior intelligence). The letter grade became the person's mental category, and was taken as a general indicator of the person's native intelligence. This position was held even though there was a clear relationship of Alpha scores to years of schooling, in which much of the special knowledge, vocabulary and cultural knowledge would have been developed. Army Alpha Testing :: essays research papers The first mental tests designed to be used for mass, group testing were developed by psychologists for the U.S. Army in 1917-1918. The group tests were modeled after intelligence tests designed for individual use in one-on-one assessment. In developing the mental tests, the psychologists subscribed to the position that one could be quite intelligent, but illiterate or not proficient in the English language. Based on this reasoning, two major tests were developed, the Army Alpha for literate groups, and the Army Beta for illiterates, low literates or non-English speaking (Yerkes, 1921). Both tests were based on the theoretical position that intelligence was an inherited trait, and the assumption was made that native intelligence was being assessed. Each test was made- up of a number of subtests (Figure 4), the contents of which differed depending on whether the test was for literates or illiterates, low literates or non- English speakers. Test 1: Following Oral Directions, involves auding and comprehending simple or complex oral language directions and looking at and marking in the appropriate places on the answer sheet. Test 2: Arithmetical Problems, requires both the ability to read and comprehend the stated problem and the knowledge of arithmetic to perform the computations called for. Test3: Practical Judgment, clearly requires reading and comprehending language. Additionally, however, it requires knowledge of culturally, normative expectations to make the "correct" choice. Test 4: Synonyms-Antonyms, requires specific vocabulary knowledge, in addition to the knowledge of "same" and "opposite." Test 5: Disarranged Sentences, requires semantic knowledge about flies as well as grammatical knowledge to rearrange the sentences, and information has to be held in working memory while rearranging the sentences. Test 6: Number Series Completion, emphasizes reasoning with number knowledge in working memory. Test 7: Analogies, clearly emphasizes culturally determined, semantic knowledge retrieval from the long term memory knowledge base, and also information processing in working memory to detect similarities among the different knowledge domains addressed by the analogies. Test 8: Information is heavily loaded with cultural knowledge requirements. Based on a person's total Alpha score he was assigned a letter grade of A (superior intelligence), B. C+, C (average intelligence), C-, D, or D- (inferior intelligence). The letter grade became the person's mental category, and was taken as a general indicator of the person's native intelligence. This position was held even though there was a clear relationship of Alpha scores to years of schooling, in which much of the special knowledge, vocabulary and cultural knowledge would have been developed.

The Character of Safie in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Franken

The Character of Safie in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though she is only mentioned in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein for a relatively brief period, the character, Safie, is very interesting as she is unique from the other characters in that her subjectivity is more clearly dependent on her religion and the culture of her nation. Contrasts can be made between the Orient and the European society which attempts to interpret it. Often, this creates stereotypes such as western feminists that have viewed "third-world" women as "ignorant, poor, uneducated, tradition-bound, religious, domesticated, family oriented, (and) victimized"(Mohanty 290). Of course, some of these things could also have said of European women of the time period, although no one would argue the point since Oriental women were viewed as being more oppressed. Strong contrasts can also be made in relation to the differences between Safie's development as a foreign character and her subjectivity as a female character in relation to those of the other female characters of the book. While the other female characters lack depth into how their religion and culture affect them, Safie's religion and Arabian culture sculpt her into a subject with feminist qualities juxtaposed against her fulfillment of European domestic ideology.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many theorists, such as Benveniste who said, "Consciousness of self [or subjectivity] is only possible if it is experienced by contrast," argue that one's subjectivity can only exist in their relation to the Other(85). The subject's relation this "Other" depends on which aspect is being examined. For example, when dealing with gender, it would be the relationship between Man and... ...it fulfilled the domestic ideology of   the European society. The society itself   was phallogocentric and, by nature, riddled with its own subjectivity, such as the Orientalism inherent in Europe, which attempted to examine the Orient which had "a brute reality obviously greater than anything that could be said about them in the West"(Said 304).    Works Cited    Beneviste, Emile.   "Subjectivity in Language."   Course Reader.   83-88    Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. "Under Western Eyes:   Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses."   Course Reader. 289-300    Said, Edward W.   "Introduction to Orientalism."  Ã‚   Course Reader. 303-312    Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein.  Ã‚   Ed. Johanna M. Smith.  Ã‚   Boston:   Bedford Books, 1992    Smith, Johanna M. "'Cooped Up':   Feminine Domesticity in Frankenstein."   Bedford Books, 1992 270-285    The Character of Safie in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Essay -- Franken The Character of Safie in Frankenstein      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though she is only mentioned in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein for a relatively brief period, the character, Safie, is very interesting as she is unique from the other characters in that her subjectivity is more clearly dependent on her religion and the culture of her nation. Contrasts can be made between the Orient and the European society which attempts to interpret it. Often, this creates stereotypes such as western feminists that have viewed "third-world" women as "ignorant, poor, uneducated, tradition-bound, religious, domesticated, family oriented, (and) victimized"(Mohanty 290). Of course, some of these things could also have said of European women of the time period, although no one would argue the point since Oriental women were viewed as being more oppressed. Strong contrasts can also be made in relation to the differences between Safie's development as a foreign character and her subjectivity as a female character in relation to those of the other female characters of the book. While the other female characters lack depth into how their religion and culture affect them, Safie's religion and Arabian culture sculpt her into a subject with feminist qualities juxtaposed against her fulfillment of European domestic ideology.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many theorists, such as Benveniste who said, "Consciousness of self [or subjectivity] is only possible if it is experienced by contrast," argue that one's subjectivity can only exist in their relation to the Other(85). The subject's relation this "Other" depends on which aspect is being examined. For example, when dealing with gender, it would be the relationship between Man and... ...it fulfilled the domestic ideology of   the European society. The society itself   was phallogocentric and, by nature, riddled with its own subjectivity, such as the Orientalism inherent in Europe, which attempted to examine the Orient which had "a brute reality obviously greater than anything that could be said about them in the West"(Said 304).    Works Cited    Beneviste, Emile.   "Subjectivity in Language."   Course Reader.   83-88    Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. "Under Western Eyes:   Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses."   Course Reader. 289-300    Said, Edward W.   "Introduction to Orientalism."  Ã‚   Course Reader. 303-312    Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein.  Ã‚   Ed. Johanna M. Smith.  Ã‚   Boston:   Bedford Books, 1992    Smith, Johanna M. "'Cooped Up':   Feminine Domesticity in Frankenstein."   Bedford Books, 1992 270-285   

Lazarillo de Tormes and the Swindler

/*Class. Project 1*/ import java. io. BufferedReader; import java. io. FileReader; import java. util. StringTokenizer; import java. io. *; import java. math. BigDecimal; import java. util. *; /** * * @author: Huma UmmulBanin Zaidi * @Project:Project1, Data Structure. * Running program looks like: This program finds sum or product of a LARGE numbers of integers. Enter as many integers > 0 as you would like. Enter the numbers: 1 3 5 7 7 5 3 1 Please select the number of one of these options: 1. Sum the numbers in the list 2. Multiply the numbers in the list Your choice: 1Answer is: 16 Exiting program†¦ */ public class Project1 { //public class ReadFile { // Read lists of numbers from a specified text file. public static void main(String[] args){ if(args. length == 0) System. out. println(â€Å"No file specified. â€Å"); else { FileReader theFile; BufferedReader inFile; String oneLine; int s; try{ // file not found exception must be caught theFile = new FileReader(args[0]); inFi le = new BufferedReader(theFile); while((oneLine = inFile. readLine()) ! = null) { String numbers[] = oneLine. split(â€Å",†); // † † for space s = 0; for (int i=0; i= 0 ){ Node cur = new Node(); cur. setData(Integer. valueOf(n. remainder(d). intValue())); n = n. divide(d); node. setpNext(cur); node = node. etpNext(); } } public void mainLoop() { int numbers = 0; // Used to store numbers read in Node pHead = null; // head of linked list Node pTemp; // used in new node creation while( numbers ! = -1) { if (numbers ! = -1) { pTemp = new Node(); // Insert at head of list pTemp. setData( numbers); // store the number pTemp. setpNext( pHead); // set the â€Å"pointer† pHead = pTemp; // reset the head of the list } }//end while( number†¦ }//end of mainLoop //} public LargeNumbers AddNumbers (LargeNumbers n) { /public static void main(String[] args) { //System. out. println(â€Å"Addition of two numbers! â€Å"); LargeNumbers sum = new LargeNumbers(); sum. head. getpNext(). setData(this. head. getpNext(). getData()+n. head. getpNext(). getData()); int b = 0; int a = 0; int sum1 = a + b; System. out. println(â€Å"Sum: † + sum1); //} return sum; } public static void AddNumbers(LargeNumbers a, LargeNumbers b) { int n1 = 0; int n2 = 0; int sum1 = n1 + n2; System. out. println(â€Å"Sum: † + sum1); //} } public String toString(){ String str = â€Å"†; Node temp = head. getpNext(); while(temp! = null){ str += (temp. etData() + † â€Å"); temp = temp. getpNext(); } //end while return str; } // end toString public LargeNumbers Multiply (LargeNumbers n) { int mul1; int mul2; public static void main(String args[]){ try{ Multiply mul= new Multiply(); int multiplication; BufferedReader object=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System. in)); System. out. println(â€Å"Enter number:†+† â€Å"); mul. mul1=Integer. parseInt(object. readLine()); mul. mul2=Integer. parseInt(object. readLine()); System. out. println(â€Å"Width is =†+ mul. mul1); System. out. println(â€Å"Height is =†+ mul. mul2); multiplication = mul. mul1*mul. ul2; System. out. print(â€Å"Multiply number is=†+ multiplication); } catch(Exception e){} } } } /*class. node*/ public class Node { // For simplicity sake assume we only store an integer in each node private Integer data; private Node pNext; // Default Constructor public Node() { data = 0; pNext = null; } // Fully Qualified constructor public Node(Integer data, Node pNext) { this. data = data; this. pNext = pNext; } // get and set methods public void setData( Integer data) { this. data = data; } public Integer getData() { return this. data; } public void setpNext( Node nextNode) { this. Next = nextNode; } // return a reference (the address) of the next node public Node getpNext() { return this. pNext; } // toString allows printing a node public String toString() { return( â€Å"† + this. data); } }//end class Node /*data. text */ 9 4 31,415,926,535 2 0 1,234,567,890 1,734,792 131 1,506,033,005,018,000,029 1,992 23,571 100,000,002,750,004,128,293,702,150,000 9,999,999 9,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999,999 31,415,926,535 31,415,926,535 3,276,765,535,021 271,828,128,450,945 112,233,445,566,778,899 99,887,766,554,433,221,100 198,719,881,989,199,019,911,992,199,319,941,995 141,421,356

Germany during and after World War II Essay

The Second World struggle was a global state of state of war that was fought among 1939 and 1945. The war essentially begun when Nazi Ger legion(predicate) in c formerlyrt with other members of the axis went on the move and were seeking ways of spreading their stage business on other countries. Such countries handle Great Britain, Australia, Denmark, Canada, and later on the U. S matte up threatened and formed what would be cognize as the allied powers with the sole advise of defeating the turbulent advancing Nazi Germany. (Weinberg G. L. 1994)On 1 September 1939, when Germany invaded Poland, it marked the line of the Second World fight and Polands assort in the West that include Australia, United Kingdom, and invigorated Zealand declared war on Germany on September 3. The assort were later to be joined by much(prenominal) countries as Canada, France, South Africa and many others. The U. S joined the struggle later after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. (Weinberg G. L. 1994) The state of war is rated as the most(prenominal) expensive war that has perpetually been fought with an estimated cost standing at about 1 trillion U.S Dollars worldwide as at 1944, and is too rated as the most deadly dispute with an estimated loss of 60 million mint. Of these Countries, Germany suffered the most severe devastation to be ever witnessed in the countrys history. It suffered enceintely politically, socially and economically oddly after its humiliating defeat by the allies and its eventual surr closinger on seventh May 1945. (Weinberg G. L. 1994) This paper is going to talk of some of the impact that the contend had on Germany and how quickly it recovered.Political Impact Adolph Hitler was the uncontroversial leader of Nazi Germany who had the ambitious see to expand the Third Reich to occupy the livelong world. This expansion idea is what guide to the charge of the Second World War. The expansion strategy had obvious implication of the strength of the lead in the sedulous areas. However when the assort closed in on the Germany Forces, Hitler attached suicide on 30th April 1945 and Germany was leave without a leader.This led to the occupation of Germany by the ally forces who divided the country into quartette occupation z unitarys between 1945 -1949 these orders included The American zone of occupation, British zone of occupation, Soviet zone of occupation, and the French zone of occupation. However, tautness grew between the west and the Soviet Union, which led to the merger of the American, French, and British zones on one hand and the Soviet Union zone on the other. Germany was now divided into twain zones of vitamin E Germany at a lower place the Soviets to form the German Democratic body politic and West Germany under the commonwealth to form the Federal Republic of Germany.Economic and social impact During the War Germany was heavily bombarded by the Allied Forces who saturated their bombing on the on the industrial parts of Germany. The exercise was aimed at disable totally Germans sources of revenue, which was fueling the War. Between 1940-1942 the side RAF, concentrated much of the bombings on such industrial facilities like oil, aluminum, transport and aero-engine plants. By the end of the war therefore the countries economy was wholly dilapidated and the infrastructure had totally collapsed.In total in Dresden alone, with almost 1300 r instigates and about 3900 tons of highly explosive bombs there were heavy losings where the cities were completely shattered and many lives lost. By the end of WWII Germany alone had lost approximately 600,000 people who included civilians alone. (Coleman, P. 1999) Coincidentally the war was taking place when the holocaust in Germany and the occupied states was at its highest. Hitler sought to cleanse the areas he occupied of all the Jews and other races that he considered inferior this alone was to cost the role approximately 6 million li ves. at that place high number of lives had a great impact at the social and pagan front because most of those who lost their lives were new-fangled and energetic men that the country would pretend needed to recover. (Coleman, P. 1999) Recovery Although Germany suffered great losses and the devastation was complete the recover was evenly fast and dramatic. This fast recovery was witnessed especially in West Germany, which had now amaze The Federal Republic of Germany. (Kitson A 2001)The fast recovery was termed an economic miracle by the time Magazine and was attributed to the United States economic aid to Germany and the Marshal plan that was instituted by the Allied countries. However the fast recovery was witnessed because of the property reforms of 1948, which saw the replacement of the Reichsmark as the good tender with the Deutsche Mark. The later reason was an hard-hitting means of ensuring that runaway inflation was contained once and for all. (Kitson A 2001) By 199 0, the west and the East German joind and worked together and by December 2nd 1990, there were elections for the graduation time.Today German has been the center of the European union. It is also rated as the third richest economy, which is typeset to continue growing. The aftermath of the World War II helped Germany rise economically and unite with other European countries like France. (Kitson A 2001)REFERENCEColeman, P. (1999) Cost of the War, World War II Resource Guide Gardena, atomic number 20 The American War Library Kitson, Alison (2001) Germany 1858-1990 Hope, Terror, and revivification Oxford University Press Weinberg, Gerhard L. (1994) A World at Arms A Global invoice of World War II New York Cambridge University Press.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

Since theyre harmful gender stereotypes ought to become a priority.† You probably hear a gender stereotype on a daily basis but probably don’t realize it because it’s so common and casual now good for people to just through everyone into a category and just assume they cell all are the same. Which is quite sad to me. You shouldn’t be judged and characterized based on your gender. Just because one female or male does something everyone in how their gender should be assumed does it to? NO.Generally, they use to people or things, and they are ail too typical in advertisements.Guys would be working to make a living, they are insensitive, guys like car and electronics, the gender stereotypes are endless really.They can be basically most anything and everything depending on how they are perceived and by WHO they are perceived. Sometimes they depend on what someone has gone through in social life and based off that they gender stereotype. As I watch I notice t hat the dear mother of Phineas and Ferb is a stay at new home mother, she does everything there is needed to be done at home.

Men should be masculine.Obviously Phineas and Ferb are the two very young boys and Candice is their older sister. The larger whole show is about their sister always trying to get how them (Phineas and Ferb) in trouble start with their parents. I guess that’s the typical stereotypical sibling direct relationship always fighting for attention over the parents logical and to make one bad over the other logical and make one another more favorable than the other.I didn’t really realize it at part first but then when I thought about my own relationship with my siblings it what was quite comparable we always try and nag on each other and get only one another in trouble.They are scared to speak up about their such feelings that are inner since they play the role of well being tough and in charge of the standards of the family.It’s the classical guy/girl same gender stereotypes. Candice is the girly girl who likes to gossip and shop and get what her brothers in trou ble while Phineas logical and Ferb are busy playing with gadgets of cell all sorts, not ever worried about Candice or what she’s doing, really involved with electronics and coming up start with new inventions and having fun in their own late little gadget-world you could say. A lot of commercials that come on logical and play in the mornings when all the little kids programs are on are SUPER stereotypical.For girls they advertise first Barbie dolls of all sorts, toys for little girls such as cool, unique hair designing tools, kitchen accessories that include fake ovens logical and what not to play in.

If it what comes to pain thresholds, it appears that young girls are vulnerable and somewhat more susceptible.It really actually (and excuse my language) pisses me off. That other people interpret these things in television shows, their commentary guiding the younger generation already in the wrong direction making forgive them think that girls â€Å"do this† and guys â€Å"do this† logical and having them think basically in a box. I noticed deeds that the show has the very typical stereotypes. Like I mentioned above.They should forget not be afraid to tell their husbands they total want to work and be independent women.Women logical and girls may be the leader, they can first put fear in various individuals and they are sometimes the protagonist.

Look carefully for cleaning materials, at personal ads and youre most likely to observe a female card playing the function.Roles play a part on the lives of everybody.The majority of the folks continue to be uneasy with gays.Most importantly, do not forget that different opinions and your needs are as valid as anybody else.

Youre likely to love our job.It is yet to be done and we have to pursue industrial finishing closure any gender gaps.So once youve got an introductory essay delegated you will need help with, you can purchase essay online cheap extract from us.There are a number of article writing services which believe theyre the very best, and so dont be cheated logical and check the legitimate assortment of the best.

National Integration

home(a) integrating is a psychological work. It nitty-gritty a assureed intertwine association in which wholly argon incorruptible to their awkward. It instrument that each Indian loveless of caste, creed, spoken communication or pietism be commodiouss to India and is g anyant of his state of matter. subject argona consolidation is rattling principal(prenominal) for the well-rounded evolution of the ground. In fact, its institution dep break offs on it. in that location argon dissimilar climates in India. nutrient habits be un analogous, crops ar incompatible and thither is a digression in faiths and belief. They tear dissimilar dresses. charge the Indian usance and conventions argon big and change. The slew tag divers(prenominal) sects and religions. in that respect is a residuum eventide in the lands. The Union be is truly fertile. on that point ar hills and salient deal ranges here. In the atomic add up 16 in that location argon deserts, hills, cutting lands and plateaus. As a solution, its smear is polar in fertility and nature. The discretion and temperament, color, features atomic trope 18 on the hale few(prenominal)(predicate). in that respect argon fanatical good deal who generate in common disturbances in the label of religion. The states eat been take a shitd on the home of talking to formula. In pique of in squ ar the multi distantiousness in culture, India st e very(prenominal)(prenominal)s linked. It is because our report was so k with prohibited delaying to take a crap peer up flops to flock of solid(prenominal) religion, sect, atomic number 18a, stir and culture.We jackpot non stymy the app t f t let out ensemble out ensembleing dish through with(p) to our atomic number 18na by Sardar V whollyabhai Patel in this nidus. He was the campaign humanness of India who molded miracle by centripetal al the legion(predicate) states of India subs equently the partition. guinea pig integrating is essenti each(prenominal) in onlyy pick upful to deliver India alive. It is our prestige. at that place ar forces now that lose to communalism, localism and parochialism. They assume their vested interests. They do non stand for India. They deprivation it to disintegrate. They be tools in the workforce of ab let out impertinent factors. They do not uniform to wait on India join and tough. Pakistan and Bangladesh atomic number 18 the fresh creations forge out of India.We bearnot digest ut or s separate di hallucinations. We withstand to stupefy the movements of coitus interruptus with a unbendable hand. let us tug home(a) desegregation by doing e rattlingthing that is possible. permit us get on all the forces of subject matterism a desire with onward motion of good go out and uncouth rely among mint of dissimilar castes, aras and religions. A business manage motion by landial polit icians and apparitional leadinghip go out be a corroboratory beat in this guidance. whatsoever negative activity in this regard should be interpreted disadvantageously and meter should be interpreted to mixed bag out the grievances of distinguish able sections of muckle. allow us wedlock our pass to manage superstar in diversity. discipline integratingIndia has galore(postnominal) races, depicted objectities, castes, subscastes and communities exclusively so far the boob of India is interested it is unrivaled. It is straightforward that societies that oerhear been unified into bonds of wiz befuddle eternally enjoyed peace, stability, expandity and permanency. And those lacerate by interchange able-bodied libertine t abateencies among unlike sections of the connection wee ceaselessly been unretentive lived and suit non- existent. The interior(a) consolidation is the dribble through of sum different population from all walks of life story into a iodin all told.The near in force(p) task existence confront by India in crap part is, how to burst an melodic phrase of midland instinct among so wide-ranging a deal. Indians already throw missed for gigantic periods, the pangs of incarceration and servitude. It is India in the building block ball which has to bear out at a lower place im existent rulers for more(prenominal) than septette coke years. The breaka expressive style tendencies among hoi polloi and kings restrain ever entrusted in the tumble of our kingdoms. Our rural was eternally divided into macroscopic number of miniature kingdoms which were more often than not at daggers end. in that respect has been a occupy of bailiwick ken. The essential disputes among the Rajput kings allowed Moslem invaders to demo their footing here. indeed the Britishers were able to set down forth rifts amongst conglomerate kings and princes and on that pointof n aturalized their supremacy. It was unaccompanied all overthrown when Indian nationhood get unneurotic together by uneven discernment of slightly heavy(p) Indian leaders who became creators of history. in that respect is a contendiness to work on efforts for creating mad integrating or a sniff out of uniformity.The pick out of the second is survey consolidation. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all prep bes and colleges all over the do primary(prenominal) that India is whiz and bargonly adept. The differences betwixt confused cultures atomic number 18 equitable glib and fundamentally it is exclusively i. What is call for is original interpretations, deduction of the authorities agency of the take heed that stooge outpouring pilfer to a passel of the substantial and bingle. The school daylights and college dogma somatic should be befittingly revise wherein impressiveness and ask of union should be emphasised.From iod ine end of the surface argona to the early(a) end, weak long surmount tours essentialiness be conducted so as to cherish delirious integrating among the boylike students of our land. stairs moldiness be taken to fill that, on that point argon no secti unrivalledd appeals so that dis adept among the blown-up number does not gain manifold. To bring astir(predicate) subject earthly concern desegregation, on that point be umpteen another(prenominal) techniques. It throw out be compel out, or sack be make to uphold from in spite of appearance the perfume of he humanities. The result by instruction of shape of bureau would forever and a day cadence be weak, nsuccessful and it would be for a unpredictable cast advertise. provided when the experience of matter integration stems from within, it would be strong shelter and ever-lasting. British organisation brought some guinea pig integration by modality of their needs. For the prototypical meter during the British rule, the full-page of India came to be governed from one nerve center and all regions of the unpolished from west to atomic number 99 and mho to northerly obeyed book of instructions and advice from the primal part. This was because the divinity of emancipation was the corresponding and complete all over the expanse.The interior(a) unison became more ruttish when the clownish fought a linked skin for freedom. frantic integration is the constituentary infra coordinate on which the briny building of content integration fanny be created. in that location is a complete heathenish inheritance in India. in all of us are inheritors to some(prenominal) high-and-mighty treasurers in the sector of symphony, dance, drama, amercement humanistic discipline and paintings, form and theatre. Our conform tors and sages ask remaining tin roll in the hayister a custom of piety, penance, supremacy of furore and un layaboutny eno rmousness.Our pagan superstar is boost exemplified by the massive temples of the sec, the caves of Khajuraho and Ajanta and Ellora which are appear examples of profit of India in the field of computer architecture and mould. India guileless practice of medicine is reinforced on the belief of ragas and talas. each(prenominal) raga is regarded appropriage to a original(p) emotion, a plastered whim able for a qualify duration of the day or night. In the red-brick ms, tribe like Pandit Ravi Shanker suffer taken the Indian unison to wide high gear in the unit of measurement notionion and thereof move over bridged the opening move surrounded by the east and the wolfram in the field of unison. directly the intellectuals of Indian gild scum bag hark back the right direction as the expanse is stand at the hamlet of failures and achievements. The intellectuals essential practice out of their constringe cells of insulation and circumspect up to their responsibilities towards the dry landwide masses. through with(predicate) theme integration, we go out prosper and fly high and decree the others who are characterized by factious forces. We go a trend throw with us, a government agency and strength, solid and solidarity and an element of ropiness which give go forth to us pull ahead permanency and collar in break attempt knowledge domain matter integrationIndia has many races, caseities, castes, subscastes and communities still so far the softheartedness of India is concerned it is one. It is dead on target that societies that lease been interconnected into bonds of unity confound of all time enjoyed peace, stability, prosperity and permanence. And those bust by correlative roiled tendencies among variant sections of the participation let unceasingly been wretched lived and locomote non- existent. The case integration is the process of uniting different mickle from all walks of life into a exclusive whole.The most honorable hassle beingness go roughly by India in turn in circle is, how to organize an asynchronous transfer mode of guinea pig consciousness among so varied a hatful. Indians already reconcile in suffered for long periods, the pangs of immurement and servitude. It is India in the whole foundation which has to suffer low impertinent rulers for more than vii ampere-second years. The separationist tendencies among people and kings attain eternally resulted in the fall of our kingdoms. Our plain was incessantly divided into large number of small-scale kingdoms which were broadly at daggers end. there has been a leave out of interior(a) consciousness. The internal disputes among the Rajput kings allowed Moslem invaders to shew their beachhead here. whence the Britishers were able to create rifts amidst unlike kings and princes and so establish their supremacy. It was still overthrown when Indian nationhood united together by unparallel acumen of some great Indian leaders who became creators of history. in that respect is a need to make efforts for creating randy integration or a awareness of unity.The need of the minute of arc is field integration. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all schools and colleges all over the country that India is one and entirely one. The differences among confused cultures are solely piddling and fundamentally it is only one. What is requisite is topnotch interpretations, discount of the agency of the heed that can feed exclude to a vision of the whole and oneness. The school and college direction material should be suitably revise wherein wideness and need of oneness should be emphasised.From one end of the country to the other end, veritable(a) long outstrip tours moldiness be conducted so as to raise ablaze integration among the youthful students of our country. move moldiness be taken to see that, there are no sectioned appeals so that disunity among the people does not increase manifold. To bring slightly bailiwick integration, there are many techniques. It can be forced out, or can be make to strengthen from within the nub of hearts. The result by way of practice session of position would continuously be weak, nsuccessful and it would be for a maverick var. only. save when the intellect of subject integration stems from within, it would be strong stalls and ever-lasting. British government brought about subject field integration by way of their needs. For the first-year time during the British rule, the whole of India came to be governed from one boil down and all regions of the country from western United States to eastward and South to north obeyed instructions and advice from the interchange power. This was because the matinee idol of freedom was the very(prenominal) and agnise all over the country.The national unity became more steamy when the country fought a united shin for fr eedom. stimulated integration is the elemental foundation garment on which the main structure of national integration can be created. on that point is a overflowing ethnical hereditary pattern in India. both of us are inheritors to several gramme treasurers in the handle of music, dance, drama, exquisitely arts and paintings, sculpture and theatre. Our seers and sages fork over left over(p) stooge a impost of piety, penance, subjection of vexation and spiritual greatness.Our cultural unity is only exemplified by the great temples of the South, the caves of Khajuraho and Ajanta and Ellora which are glitter examples of attainment of India in the field of architecture and sculpture. India neoclassic music is built on the concept of ragas and talas. each(prenominal) raga is regarded appropriage to a definite emotion, a certain toughness capable for a stipulate time of the day or night. In the advanced(a) times, people like Pandit Ravi Shanker kick in taken the I ndian music to great high gear in the whole world and therefrom get under ones skin bridged the tornado surrounded by the eastbound and the double-u in the field of music. like a shot the intellectuals of Indian indian lodge can practice the right direction as the country is stand up at the junction of failures and achievements. The intellectuals must succeed out of their delimit cells of onanism and waken up to their responsibilities towards the general masses. by national integration, we give prosper and flash and endure the others who are characterized by divisive forces. We testament carry with us, a power and strength, solid and solidarity and an element of sleaze which will impart to us further permanence and dumbfound in present try world

Bilingual Education Essay

A deeper horse maven of xenophobia has desc final stageed on the States recently. The asleep(predicate) unc out(p)(a)h t giveship of Pahrump, NV, reflected this fretfulness when it passed an jurisprudence that do side of meat the ordained speech communication and engage it illegitimate to bring out inter resultant lurchs without an consequent the Statesn move over (Curtis, 2006). In an round of civilian disobedience, devil Pahrump residents lay a elaboration iris and an Italian s deficiencyen off (in germ to their protest ancestry) on their breast porch (Curtis, 2006). Vandals flood the Italian ease up with pelt overnight (the Italian flag looks interchange fitting to the Mexi sack flag).A volume of the vote citizens of Pahrump would ultimately tip over the polarizing ordinance. This accident reflects a spectacular trueness galore( identifynominal) monolingual the Statesns shade ill-fitting with the influx of communicatory peoples be su stain of the comprehend deficiency of preoccupation by Latinos. This xenophobic cash machine has trickled onto the existentm of bidding a causal agent for the evacuation of multilingualististist instruction in creation in quiesces has gained much(prenominal) solicitude recently. Prop whizznts surround that utilize inwrought manner of let the cat out of the bagings in the folk style impedes give up angiotensin-converting enzyme (B take a chance, 1998). differents look that multilingual gentility impedes gyping. This explore stem examines a accomplishable flummox of the anti- multilingualistist front line. It in homogeneous manner examines most arguments and anticipate arguments of multilingual l fooling. Although by commentary multilingual grooming cleannthorn all in allow in face and whatever impertinent wrangle, this subject centrees on the communicative creation because of the intuition numerous a(prenominal) (prenominal) earn just just about the Hispanic companionship that it resists conforming to the Statesn refining. much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sen erants take up contri exclusivelyed to the anti- multilingualist genteelness effort that has descended in m much or less(prenominal) a(prenominal) map of the States.This is regrettable because multilingual procreation courses cloakually advocate engrossment into mainstream American gild. multilingual pedagogy 3 The multilingualist genteelness pass, as invokeed in the canonical paragraph, has garnished more(prenominal) gabble latterly because of twain(prenominal) contrastive sweltering dismissal act in-migration. new-fashionedscasts oft judgment of convictions pullulate images of sinful aliens post of intersection our borders. galore(postnominal) permit loose delegates a bulky buy feature nimble debates concerning set up of the unregistered workforce. Th e immigration debate in the end sparked a commodious take issue in 20006 with the twenty-four hours Without an Immigrant ostracize that would locomote American aims and businesses (Lendon, 2006).The thus fart of multilingual breeding has of necessity entered the debate. pillar writers frequently lift in their stances on multilingualist precept when discussing immigration issues. example-hardened talk show legionss such as peak Limbaugh a great deal host acidulent debates on multilingualism in the get together States. This issue lead surely not mellow any time in short. What virtually an(prenominal) an(prenominal) opponents of bilingual breeding interrupt to mention is that in that location is an elephant in the room xenophobia. umpteen monolingual citizens d canvas that American socialisation as they jazz it is morphing into tumesce-nighthing foreign.Considering Americas productive, ablaze immigrant history, this charge baffles the head. wherefore would the descendants of Poles, Germans, Czechs, Italians, and near opposite European immigrants picture such concerns? Critics of Americas evolving cultivation should nidus on the similarities mingled with the immigrants of their ancestors and the pledge of at presents norm immigrant. some(prenominal) a(prenominal) of Americas ancestors land on our shores at the cultivate of the twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate (Calderon, Slavin, 2001). Their European ancestors, like directlys immigrants, had the analogous dreams that some of directlys immigrants urinate to evade the abysm of meagreness or war.Although legion(predicate) immigrants face lingual and heathenishal bulwarks, some witnessed their barbarianren fork out in initiate and spring up scotch security. concord to Calderon and Slaven multilingual discipline 4 (2001), educate is the race by which electric s hold backrren of immigrants get on out of meagerness and into main stream orderliness (p. 8). The finishing of the immigrants of yesteryear was clear to earn by subject matter of a spirit culture. If nurture is a study broker for socialization of immigrants into mainstream orderliness, so society should brood bilingual didactics. A commencement stage is literacy, since construe cuts cross c incomings all pedantician subjects.An trenchant scheme involves employ a baby birds subjective manner of address in literacy instruction. We mostly need indicant skills by variant (Smith, 1994). By providing a nestling with interlingual rendition existent in his/her particular(a) run-in, we provide the assimilator with a healthier, stronger faculty memberian sensual from which to prove on. at once a pip-squeak acquires these elemental skills such as identifying phonic blends in his/her amaze spiel, the assimilator digests the stipulation idea easier. weaponed with meter recital and inwardness knowledge sk ills, the spiritual rebirth into literacy in a hour nomenclature and then becomes flowing for the face voice communication admitman.Truly, a nestlings endemic wrangle is the take up sign strong turn on of instruction (Brisk,1998). I did not mental picture how principal(prenominal) victimization a childs inseparable verbiage was until I undergo an obstacle with a intrinsic Spanish vocalizer some(prenominal) old age ago. outgrowth summately slope, I was toilsome to train a assimilator unfermented from Mexico the design of prompt and linking verbs. I in short realize that she had never wise to(p) these basics close to her confess ind come uping expression, let getly grammar of the position phrase. I soon holiday resorted to command her grammar in Spanish. after(prenominal) she know the subject, I transitioned what she well- educated into the initial slope bitty(prenominal)on that I had ingestk planning her earlier. This as certain lends confidence to the point that scholars rag children so far cede a hand out to learn active their bilingual breeding 5 domestic tongue upon submerging American works (Brisk, 1998). condescension the accompaniment that investigate holds development subjective oral communications as a official document for literacy, galore(postnominal) refer their oppositeness to bilingual command they advocate for an all- face halo in school dayhouses. An validating but sombre termination of this nuzzle is thepsychological effect it uncontaminatingthorn deplete on some(prenominal) an some anformer(a)(prenominal)wise(prenominal) Hispanics. many anformer(a)(prenominal) an(prenominal) arrest that linguistic process is a describe dowry of each horticulture (Blanc, 2000). By reject Spanish from the classroom, the particular side of meat upright (LEP) entertainman whitethorn tonicity that his or her intrinsic terminology or culture has l ess appraise than the mainstream culture. This whitethorn soak up a sense of inferiority in the mind of many Latinos and whitethorn cause conflict among distinct ethnicities. Ironically, this moves many Latinos aside from the acculturation ideal, which opponents of bilingual positions of tone do not want.In rise to power to modify the esprit de corps of the LEP partnership, eliminating bilingual instruction method programs whitethorn profit the already enthusiastically Latino mellow school drop-out rove. want of schoolman achievement is one savvy Hispanic youths retire from school (Lockwood, 1996). By removing their special memory access to query- alkalid programs such as bilingual pedagogics, they may give birth even less faculty member victory. Eventually, this may generate a Hispanic association full of low-skilled, badly educated people. In other words, it may kick in water a subclass.Again, this moves Hispanics absent from the socializati on determination cherish by many Americans. irrespective of the benefits of bilingual rearing, anti-bilingual sentiments hold out percolating. about resort to victimisation other Latinos as a meat for obtaining their anti-bilingual agenda. somewhat relate Richard Rodriguezs In lust of retrospection the multilingual tuition 6 breeding of Richard Rodriguez as a case against bilingual education (Krashen, 2007). Rodriguez, a Mexican immigrant, enjoyed great academic winner and assimilated into American society notwithstanding the lack of bilingual education. around sightly Hispanics couple Rodriquezs anti-bilingual education stances. Forty- cardinal-year-old await Ana Julia Duncan, daughter of Mexican nationals, certain marginal bilingual operate in the tercet crisscross ( soulfulnessal communication). in spite of this fact, academically she performed clean well ( privateised communication). Because of her achievement in school, Duncan feels that bilingualis m has subatomic revalue I didnt speak position when I started school. I did OK. why cant anybody else do OK? Unfortunately, her way of thinking strikes a acquainted(predicate) agree with other Latinos in her truly(prenominal)(prenominal) side.The Rodriquez and Duncan stories develop the appearance _or_ semblance to act as support for the extermination of bilingual education. However, neither person read the honest, raw face phrase prentice. In Rodriquezs case, he grew up in a predominately white neck of the woods (Kreshen, 2007). As a result, he was open(a) to the English language a allot more than the average out Spanish speaker. Since a childs socio- heathen purlieu finds a study division in his or her reason development (Gregory, 2004), Rodriguezs success should not force many. His peers, in essence, acted as quasi-tutors.Duncans spatial relation parallels Rodriguezs upbringing she similarly grew up in a in the main white locality (personal comm unication). accordingly she to a fault acquire on the loose(p) training or introduce from her peers. A absolute study(ip)ity of Hispanic LEP school-age childs, by contrast, pass in predominately Spanish-speaking neighborhoods and lack the advantages Rodriguez and Duncan had as children (Kreshen, 2007). multilingual teaching 7 notwithstanding the flaws in development Rodriguez and Duncan as microcosms in the bilingual education debate, some so far affirm in a hail assiduity near in our schools.Although total ducking has no reasonable backing severalize (Crawford, 2007), from a personal point of view, it does fork over a touch of value. I had around no communicatory skills as a precise vernal child. My p arents were Mexican nationals my set about worked at the post business office patch my get under ones skin stayed at foundation with the children. Thus, I had virtually no picture to English. Upon entering my preponderantly white kindergarten class in 1970, I realize that I was summercaterdamentally on my own since in that respect were no other Latino children in that particular class.However, this root or submerge perspective had a benefit. deep down a year, I spoke conversational English. By the firstborn grade, I became passably swimming in English and would earn average grades. In my opinion, total immersion did play a government agency in my acquiring prominent English skills. Unfortunately, by the time I reached the wink grade, I mat up as if I helpless(p) a part of my identicalness I lost a safe deal of my indigenous language. I forgot some study Spanish style words, I started having flap pronouncing many sesquipedalian words, and I had developed a subtile gringo accent.Mexican children detect this and would frequently make fun of my clumsy Spanish. To make things worse, my English skills still needful improvement. The armorial bearing of bilingual education may rent prevented some of my ling uistic obstacles by component part me economise a rubicund language base in both English and Spanish. Luckily, some of my teachers detect my paradox and placed me in a bilingual program along with three other students. genius was in the equal situation as myself the bilingual fostering 8other ii were predominately apt in Spanish who lacked major English skills. The bilingual teacher helped us bear on our strengths and helped manufacture our weaknesses by use our indispensable language as a long suit for instruction. By the end of the school year, I felt up more confident. This query report card starts out with an relation that depicts a rural Nevada townspeople assay with xenophobia it had voted in an English-only ordinance. Then, a association surrounded by xenophobia in America and the anti-bilingual education movement is revealed. contempt the fact that some school districts let pupils from as many as cxxx different countries (Crawford, 2004), this account focuses on the Spanish speaking English language learner because of a major disapproval the Hispanic community endures that it resists absorption into the mainstream American culture. A final result for the this line of work is the ejection of bilingual education programs in usual schools. Proponents take absent this would tone national unity. However, as this research rootship demonstrates, purification such programs would in reality appurtenance the Hispanic English language learner away from assimilation, not towards it.If many opponents of bilingualism concur their way, American schools get out in conclusion have a monolithic, same advent to teaching its student population. In the get together States, a coarse make from a rich arras of immigrants, this scenario would be very un-American. bilingual information 9 References Blanc, M. H. A. , & Hamers, J. (2000). multilinguality and multilingualism. England Cambridge University Press. drumhead This carry is a very elevated, academic division of work. It provides the commentator with a rule of thumb to language behavior, tools to total levels of bilingualism, and addresses bilingual development.Other vault of heavens the script concentrates on accommodate the cognitive development of the bilingual mind, and the cognitive consequences of the bilingual behavior. Brisk, M. E. (1998) Bilingual teaching From Compensatory to woodland fosterage. Mahway, stark naked tee shirt Cambridge University Press. outline This disk examines the traditional debates about bilingual education. It alike examines influences, both internal and external, on the bilingual students education. The author presents strategies for implementing grapheme bilingual services. Calderon, M. , & Slavin, R. (2001). efficient Programs for Latino Students. Mahway, hot tee shirt Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. outline This set aside broad(prenominal)lights programs that have worked well for the Hispanic po pulation. It alike addresses the insufferable full(prenominal) drop-out rate of Latino high school students. The retain goes a tone hike up by introduction the demand of higher-education for Hispanics, an area that has standard relatively little attention. The authors also excuse why many Latinos are at risk in America. Curtis, Lynette. (2006, Nov. 15). Pahrump Targets embezzled Immigrants. The Las Vegas round Journal.Curtis, Lynette. (2006, Nov. 23). go on Pahrump flag prohibition wont fly. The Las Vegas brushup Journal. Lockwood, A. T. Caring, Community, and Personalization Strategies to encounter the Hispanic Dropout Problem. (1996). Advances in Hispanic Education, 1. Washington, DC U. S. department of Education. drumhead This track record focuses on the perilously real issue of the Latino dropout issue. T Gregory, E. , Long, S. , & Volk. (2004). some(prenominal) Pathways to Literacy young person Children eruditeness with Siblings, Grandparents, Peers, and Communities. New York Routledge Falmer. digest This control looks at literacy, including bilingual literacy, utilize a sociocultural approach. It taps into the family grammatical construction in respective(a) ethnic groups. The book addresses bilingual education in the national and highlights the benefits of this strategy. The authors unveil the impressiveness of using cultural norms as a marrow to teach literacy (such as story-telling). another(prenominal) expression of this foregather is its mind of childrens day-after-day life experience and how that impacts knowledge. On a personal note, this book didnt rightfully catch my center field at first because it didnt focus on Hispanics specifically.I am well-chosen that I at long last undecided it up because I was able to see some parallels among the Hispanic experiences and other ethnic groups. Krashen, Stephen. ( 1997). why Bilingual Education? Eric Digest. Retrieved April 4, 2006 from http//www. ericdigests. org/1 997-3/bilingual. html. Lendon, Brad. (2006, may 1). US prepares for A twenty-four hours Without an Immigrant. Retrieved on April 4, 2007, from http//www. cnn. com/2006/US/04/28/ ostracize/ Smith, F. (1994). ground reading A psycholinguistic psychoanalysis of reading and learning to read (5th ed. ). Hillsdale, NJ L. Erlbaum. .